{
 "format": "open-values-edges",
 "version": "0.1",
 "note": "Seed + C2 ownership graph. Product-level seed edges demonstrate today's Weave panel; ovs:brand/ and ovs:company/ edges provide sourced parentage for the node index and line expansion. Kellanova reflects Mars' completed 2025 acquisition; Unilever excludes spun-off ice cream and sold tea brands. Predicates the engine declares but no edge uses must stand with a written reason; org endpoints are declared stubs; uncited edges are a counted debt. research/relation_audit.js holds all three.",
 "edges": [
  {
   "from": "ovs:banking/us-bank",
   "rel": "alternative-to",
   "to": "ovs:banking/beneficial-state",
   "source": "https://www.fossilfueltreaty.org/25-banks-gabv",
   "asof": "2026",
   "note": "US Bank appears in the Banking on Climate Chaos 2026 league table; Beneficial State is among the 25 GABV banks that endorsed the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty at COP29."
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:banking/capital-one",
   "rel": "alternative-to",
   "to": "ovs:banking/amalgamated",
   "source": "https://www.fossilfueltreaty.org/25-banks-gabv",
   "asof": "2026",
   "note": "Capital One appears in the Banking on Climate Chaos 2026 league table; Amalgamated is among the 25 GABV banks that endorsed the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty at COP29."
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:banking/chime",
   "rel": "alternative-to",
   "to": "ovs:banking/credit-union",
   "source": "https://mycreditunion.gov/about/what-credit-union",
   "asof": "2026",
   "note": "The NCUA describes a credit union as a member-owned, not-for-profit cooperative; Chime is a venture-backed company whose banking services are provided through partner banks."
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:banking/monzo",
   "rel": "alternative-to",
   "to": "ovs:banking/triodos",
   "source": "https://www.triodos.com/en/about-us",
   "asof": "2026",
   "note": "Triodos states it publishes details of the organisations it lends to; Monzo is a privately held, shareholder-owned company."
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:banking/beneficial-state",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/beneficial-state-foundation",
   "source": "Conscious Consuming (curated) — Beneficial State Bank is majority-owned by the nonprofit Beneficial State Foundation, which locks its mission in place; public corporate structure.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/expressvpn",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/kape-technologies",
   "source": "Kape Technologies (British-Israeli; owner Teddy Sagi) acquired ExpressVPN in 2021; it also owns CyberGhost, Private Internet Access and ZenMate. Source: Kape Technologies (Wikipedia); CyberInsider.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/cyberghost",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/kape-technologies",
   "source": "Owned by Kape Technologies (also ExpressVPN, Private Internet Access, ZenMate). Source: Kape Technologies (Wikipedia).",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/pia",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/kape-technologies",
   "source": "Private Internet Access was acquired by Kape Technologies in 2019. Source: Kape Technologies (Wikipedia).",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/nordvpn",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/nord-security",
   "source": "NordVPN is operated by Nord Security; Nord Security and Surfshark finalised a merger in early 2022 (brands run separately). Source: industry reporting.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/surfshark",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/nord-security",
   "source": "Surfshark merged with Nord Security (parent of NordVPN) in early 2022; brands continue to operate independently. Source: industry reporting.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/tunnelbear",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/mcafee",
   "source": "TunnelBear is owned by McAfee (acquired 2018). Source: industry reporting.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/mcafee-secure-vpn",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/mcafee",
   "source": "McAfee's own VPN; McAfee also owns TunnelBear. Source: McAfee.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/ipvanish",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/ziff-davis",
   "source": "IPVanish is owned by Ziff Davis, which also owns StrongVPN, SaferVPN and the WLVPN white-label platform. Source: industry reporting.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/strongvpn",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/ziff-davis",
   "source": "StrongVPN is owned by Ziff Davis (also IPVanish). Source: industry reporting.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/norton-vpn",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/gen-digital",
   "source": "Norton is part of Gen Digital (the NortonLifeLock–Avast merger, 2022), which also owns Avast, Avira, AVG and HMA. Source: Gen Digital.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/avast-secureline",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/gen-digital",
   "source": "Avast is part of Gen Digital (NortonLifeLock–Avast merger, 2022). Source: Gen Digital.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/avira-phantom-vpn",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/gen-digital",
   "source": "Avira is part of Gen Digital (with Norton, Avast, AVG, HMA). Source: Gen Digital.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:vpn/hma",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:org/gen-digital",
   "source": "HMA (HideMyAss) is part of Gen Digital (formerly under Avast). Source: Gen Digital.",
   "asof": "2026"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/nestle",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/nescafe",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/nescafe",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/nescafe-dolce-gusto",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/nescafe-dolce-gusto",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/nespresso",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/nespresso",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/kitkat",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/kitkat",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/nesquik",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/nesquik",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/maggi",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/maggi",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/coffee-mate",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/coffee-mate",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/purina",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/purina",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/felix",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/felix",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/friskies",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/friskies",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/gerber",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/gerber",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/s-pellegrino",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/s-pellegrino",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/perrier",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/perrier",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/acqua-panna",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/acqua-panna",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/garden-gourmet",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/garden-gourmet",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/digiorno",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/digiorno",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/stouffers",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/stouffers",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/fancy-feast",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/fancy-feast",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/thomy",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/thomy",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/haagen-dazs",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/nestle",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/haagen-dazs",
   "source": "https://www.nestle.com/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/pepsi",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/pepsi",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/pepsi-max",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/pepsi-max",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/mountain-dew",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/mountain-dew",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/gatorade",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/gatorade",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/lays",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/lays",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/walkers",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/walkers",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/doritos",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/doritos",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/cheetos",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/cheetos",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/quaker",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/quaker",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/tostitos",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/tostitos",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/ruffles",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/ruffles",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/sodastream",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/sodastream",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/tropicana",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/tropicana",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/7-up",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/pepsico",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/7-up",
   "source": "https://www.pepsico.com/en/brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/lipton-iced-tea",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/pepsico",
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  {
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   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/horizon-organic",
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   "to": "ovs:company/danone",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/essential-dairy-and-plant-based-products.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
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   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/essential-dairy-and-plant-based-products.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
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   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/essential-dairy-and-plant-based-products.html",
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  {
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   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/essential-dairy-and-plant-based-products.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
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   "to": "ovs:company/danone",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/essential-dairy-and-plant-based-products.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
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   "to": "ovs:brand/aptamil",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/essential-dairy-and-plant-based-products.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/bledina",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/danone",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/essential-dairy-and-plant-based-products.html",
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   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/essential-dairy-and-plant-based-products.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/evian",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/danone",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/waters.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/danone",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/evian",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/waters.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/volvic",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/danone",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/waters.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/danone",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/volvic",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/waters.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/aqua",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/danone",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/waters.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/danone",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/aqua",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/waters.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/mizone",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/danone",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/waters.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/danone",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/mizone",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/waters.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/salus",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/danone",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/waters.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/danone",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/salus",
   "source": "https://www.danone.com/brands/waters.html",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/oreo",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "to": "ovs:brand/oreo",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/cadbury",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/cadbury",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/cadbury-dairy-milk",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/cadbury-dairy-milk",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/toblerone",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/toblerone",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/milka",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "to": "ovs:brand/milka",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/ritz",
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   "to": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "to": "ovs:brand/ritz",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/belvita",
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   "to": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "to": "ovs:brand/belvita",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/chips-ahoy",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/clif",
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   "to": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "to": "ovs:brand/clif",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/triscuit",
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   "to": "ovs:company/mondelez",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "to": "ovs:brand/triscuit",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/tates-bake-shop",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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   "to": "ovs:brand/halls",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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   "from": "ovs:brand/cote-d-or",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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  {
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "to": "ovs:brand/daim",
   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/enjoy-life-foods",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
   "from": "ovs:company/mondelez",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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   "source": "https://www.mondelezinternational.com/our-brands/",
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   "source": "https://www.mars.com/our-brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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  {
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   "to": "ovs:brand/snickers",
   "source": "https://www.mars.com/our-brands",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
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   "source": "https://www.mars.com/our-brands",
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   "source": "https://www.mars.com/our-brands",
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   "to": "ovs:brand/twix",
   "source": "https://www.mars.com/our-brands",
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   "source": "https://www.mars.com/our-brands",
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   "source": "https://www.mars.com/our-brands",
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   "to": "ovs:company/apple",
   "source": "https://s2.q4cdn.com/470004039/files/doc_financials/2025/ar/_10-K-2025-As-Filed.pdf",
   "asof": "2025"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/apple",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/apple-tv-plus",
   "source": "https://s2.q4cdn.com/470004039/files/doc_financials/2025/ar/_10-K-2025-As-Filed.pdf",
   "asof": "2025"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/apple-music",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/apple",
   "source": "https://s2.q4cdn.com/470004039/files/doc_financials/2025/ar/_10-K-2025-As-Filed.pdf",
   "asof": "2025"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/apple",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/apple-music",
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   "asof": "2025"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/app-store",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/apple",
   "source": "https://s2.q4cdn.com/470004039/files/doc_financials/2025/ar/_10-K-2025-As-Filed.pdf",
   "asof": "2025"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/apple",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/app-store",
   "source": "https://s2.q4cdn.com/470004039/files/doc_financials/2025/ar/_10-K-2025-As-Filed.pdf",
   "asof": "2025"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/icloud",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/apple",
   "source": "https://s2.q4cdn.com/470004039/files/doc_financials/2025/ar/_10-K-2025-As-Filed.pdf",
   "asof": "2025"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/apple",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/icloud",
   "source": "https://s2.q4cdn.com/470004039/files/doc_financials/2025/ar/_10-K-2025-As-Filed.pdf",
   "asof": "2025"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/shazam",
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   "to": "ovs:company/apple",
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  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/apple",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/shazam",
   "source": "https://s2.q4cdn.com/470004039/files/doc_financials/2025/ar/_10-K-2025-As-Filed.pdf",
   "asof": "2025"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/beats",
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   "source": "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2014/05/28Apple-to-Acquire-Beats-Music-Beats-Electronics/",
   "asof": "2014"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/apple",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/beats",
   "source": "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2014/05/28Apple-to-Acquire-Beats-Music-Beats-Electronics/",
   "asof": "2014"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/chase",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
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  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/chase",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/j-p-morgan",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/j-p-morgan",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/jpmorgan",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/jpmorgan",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/jpmorgan-chase",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/jpmorgan-chase",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/j-p-morgan-asset-management",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "rel": "parent-of",
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   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
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  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/j-p-morgan-private-bank",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/j-p-morgan-private-bank",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/j-p-morgan-payments",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/j-p-morgan-payments",
   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/nutmeg",
   "rel": "owned-by",
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   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
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  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/jpmorgan-chase",
   "rel": "parent-of",
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   "source": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about",
   "asof": "2026-07-07"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/magnum",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/the-magnum-ice-cream-company",
   "source": "https://corporate.magnumicecream.com/en/investors/demerger-information.html",
   "asof": "2025-12-08"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/the-magnum-ice-cream-company",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/magnum",
   "source": "https://corporate.magnumicecream.com/en/investors/demerger-information.html",
   "asof": "2025-12-08"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/ben-and-jerrys",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/the-magnum-ice-cream-company",
   "source": "https://corporate.magnumicecream.com/en/investors/demerger-information.html",
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  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/the-magnum-ice-cream-company",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/ben-and-jerrys",
   "source": "https://corporate.magnumicecream.com/en/investors/demerger-information.html",
   "asof": "2025-12-08"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/cornetto",
   "rel": "owned-by",
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  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/the-magnum-ice-cream-company",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/cornetto",
   "source": "https://corporate.magnumicecream.com/en/investors/demerger-information.html",
   "asof": "2025-12-08"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/walls",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/the-magnum-ice-cream-company",
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  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/the-magnum-ice-cream-company",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/walls",
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  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/breyers",
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  {
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  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/klondike",
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   "source": "https://corporate.magnumicecream.com/en/investors/demerger-information.html",
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  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/the-magnum-ice-cream-company",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/klondike",
   "source": "https://corporate.magnumicecream.com/en/investors/demerger-information.html",
   "asof": "2025-12-08"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/talenti",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/the-magnum-ice-cream-company",
   "source": "https://corporate.magnumicecream.com/en/investors/demerger-information.html",
   "asof": "2025-12-08"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/the-magnum-ice-cream-company",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/talenti",
   "source": "https://corporate.magnumicecream.com/en/investors/demerger-information.html",
   "asof": "2025-12-08"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/lipton-tea",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/lipton-tea",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/pg-tips",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/pg-tips",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/pukka",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/pukka",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/t2",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/t2",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/tazo",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/tazo",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:brand/brooke-bond",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:brand/brooke-bond",
   "source": "https://www.liptonteas.com/ekaterra-to-become-lipton-teas-and-infusions/",
   "asof": "2023-01-09"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "rel": "owned-by",
   "to": "ovs:company/cvc-capital-partners",
   "source": "https://www.unilever.com/news/press-and-media/press-releases/2022/unilever-announces-completion-of-the-sale-of-its-tea-business-ekaterra/",
   "asof": "2022-07-01"
  },
  {
   "from": "ovs:company/cvc-capital-partners",
   "rel": "parent-of",
   "to": "ovs:company/lipton-teas-and-infusions",
   "source": "https://www.unilever.com/news/press-and-media/press-releases/2022/unilever-announces-completion-of-the-sale-of-its-tea-business-ekaterra/",
   "asof": "2022-07-01"
  }
 ],
 "stubs": {
  "ovs:org/kape-technologies": "Kape Technologies",
  "ovs:org/nord-security": "Nord Security",
  "ovs:org/gen-digital": "Gen Digital",
  "ovs:org/ziff-davis": "Ziff Davis",
  "ovs:org/mcafee": "McAfee (Advent and Permira consortium)",
  "ovs:org/beneficial-state-foundation": "Beneficial State Foundation"
 },
 "standing": {
  "made-by": "Determinable for 23,724 entries from their brand strings; waits on the generated pass specified in docs/ONTOLOGY-RESEARCH.md 4.2 so it lands with its own gate rather than by hand.",
  "certified-by": "Six certification tags exist to anchor it; waits on the same generated pass so each edge cites the certifier register, not the tag.",
  "supplies": "No sourced supplier relationships in the corpus yet; a supply-chain claim needs a register or a filing behind it before the first edge ships.",
  "analogous-to": "Reserved for cross-domain likeness once alternative-to is dense inside domains; an analogy before that would be decoration.",
  "in-domain": "Containment already lives in the two trees; this predicate serializes it for JSON-LD consumers and should be generated from the taxonomy, never authored."
 },
 "debt": {
  "noUrlEdges": {
   "count": 14,
   "reason": "Fourteen ownership edges into stub orgs predate the citation rule; grandfathered on 2026-08-26 and ratcheted down from eighteen when the four banking alternatives gained their receipts. Any new edge must carry a source URL."
  }
 }
}